Laws & Patterns
Cognitive Bias

Decoy Effect

Make your preferred choice more attractive by introducing an obviously inferior option.

Definition

The Decoy Effect is a cognitive bias where people tend to have a change in preference between two options when presented with a third option that is asymmetrically dominated. This third option is the 'decoy' that is intended to make one of the other options more attractive.

Do

  • Introduce an option that is clearly inferior to make your preferred choice stand out
  • Ensure the decoy is less attractive but comparable to the most expensive or comprehensive option
  • Use this effect carefully and ethically to guide users towards beneficial decisions

Avoid

  • Overuse this effect, as it can lead to mistrust if users feel manipulated
  • Use this effect to mislead users into harmful or non-beneficial decisions
  • Rely solely on this effect; always maintain user value and service quality

When to apply

  • When trying to influence user choices or purchases
  • When presenting multiple pricing or package options
  • When user's decision-making is involved

Related topics

Similar principles

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